PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.